Upper gums red and sore

Red, sore upper gums can result from plaque-related gingivitis, brushing trauma, a burn, an ulcer, or infection near a tooth.

The pattern matters. Widespread redness often differs from one irritated patch, and a tooth problem may cause localized tenderness or swelling.

Use a soft brush with light pressure and clean gently between teeth. Avoid sharp or hot foods and do not put aspirin or caustic chemicals on the gum.

Seek care for recurring bleeding, a persistent sore, pus, fever, swelling, or pain focused on one tooth. Facial swelling or breathing difficulty is urgent.

Ask whether the redness is generalized or localized and whether a tooth, appliance, medication, or cleaning habit is contributing.